America s National Government And Fundamental Laws Essay

On September 17, 1787, our founding fathers decided to sign their name to a document that would forever be the foundation of a nation unlike any other. A document that would â€Å"establish America s national government and fundamental laws, and guarantee certain basic rights for its citizens†¦[as well as] a plan for a stronger federal government with three branches–executive, legislative and judicial–along with a system of checks and balances to ensure no single branch would have too much power† (History Staff). In order for this government to be established, political parties were founded to help represent the ideals and differing views of all of the citizens. Throughout America’s history, the Democratic and Republican parties have grown to become the two major parties in American government. These parties are important to the electoral system as each party represents the â€Å"embodiment of shared principles, goals, and policy positions among a certain subset of citizens† (Gripp). With the election coming up on November 8th, 2016, the Democratic party has chosen Hillary Clinton as their candidate while the Republican party has selected Donald Trump to represent their views. These two candidates differ greatly on global trends issues such as globalization, immigration, and the influence of Islam and terrorism on the United States. One of the top three most discussed topics in this election is globalization. Globalization is the â€Å"means that prices for commodities tend toShow MoreRelatedProtecting Fundamental Rights Of Citizens888 Words   |  4 PagesProtecting Fundamental Rights of Citizens â€Å"A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury† (â€Å"Civil Rights†). In his article â€Å"To Begin the Nation Anew: Congress, Citizenship, and Civil Rights after the Civil War,† Robert J. Kaczorowski discusses the relationship between civil rights and the constitution laws of the 1860s. The federal government creating amendments and laws â€Å"that conferred on all Americans the preciousRead MoreShould Citizens Of The United States All Have The Same Rights?911 Words   |  4 Pagesexercising what are everyday rights at home. Americans who have paid hard earned money to enjoy the very freedoms being threatened have the most to loose. Let’s look into the laws regulating concealed carry in America today and their constitutionality. The second amendment has been a point of contention for years in America. It has been subject to much scrutiny and interpretation. Cases during the 1800s saw the Supreme Court rule that the Second Amendment does not affect individual states regulatingRead MoreThe Birth Of America Is Well, The Biggest And Greatest1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe birth of America is well, the biggest and greatest thing to ever happen to us. There are many things that led up to the 1865 era such as salutary neglect, the Constitution, the Louisiana Purchase, Manifest Destiny, and Slavery. Those are just a few things that America powered through to get where we are today. Our Forefathers attempted to rectify what some would consider harsh actions made by the kingdom of Britain in the mid 1700’s. The British didn’t take the American territoriesRead MoreWhiskey Rebellion ( 1794 )1139 Words   |  5 Pagesrid of the national debt the consisted of $54 million. Whiskey was extremely valuable for it was an all purpose liquor used by many. So in 1794 thousands of pennsylvanian farmers in opposition to the tax got together and rebelled against federal law, and eventually George Washington had to send in enforcement and peace commissioners. The enforcement helped George Washington to establish the authority of the federal government. Besides this showing america’s effort to get out of national debt, itRead MoreThe Fundamental Purpose Of The United States Government System991 Words   |  4 PagesThe fundamental purpose of the United States is to assure the integrity and vitality of our free society, which explains our determination; to maintain the essential elements of individual freedom, as set forth in the Constitution and Bill of Rights; to create conditions under which our free and democratic system can live and prosper; to fight if necessary to defend our way of life. Even with no real outside threat, we face the great problem of a free society, of restoring and keeping order, securityRead MoreEssay on The Inefficiency of the U.S. Constitution1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdocument is to our government, the operation remains time consuming and ineffective. The U.S. Constitution established an inefficient system that encourages careful deliberation between government factions representing different and sometimes competing interests. The Constitution of the United States set up an intricate government with a very brief document. The Constitution is actually shorter than this essay, but was still able to set up all of the procedures that make our government act so slowlyRead MoreThe United States Of America1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States of America is well known throughout the world for tis democracy ant the freedoms of its citizens. Since declaring its Independence from Great Britain rule in 1776, the United States of America has undergone a continuous effort to maintain law and order. In order to create a strong federal government with a system of check and balances the Constitution was proposed and ratified. The Constitution of the United States became the Supreme law of the land. (The Constitution) We theRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Revolutionary Era1723 Words   |  7 Pagessome terrible problems and they wanted to work together to change the U.S government. Therefore, address the prob lems that had come about from the Industrial Revolution. The progressive era was all about making advances in a better society, the feature of democracy during the progressive movement a lot of these progressive at local state levels started to focus on cleaning up the government, they believed that too many governments elected officials did the bidding of corporations rather than serve theRead MoreNational Security Vs. Digital Privacy1735 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorism rates in America, the optimal solution thus far is enhancing security throughout the nation. By doing so, policies, procedures, and protocols would be amended for the sole purpose of protecting the country. Such alterations should be made because it prevents crime in a timely, reliable, and successful manner, whilst preserving the fundamental rights of all United States Citizens. In light of the controversy over national security versus digital privacy, the government should partake in internationalRead MoreSame-sex Rights Should Be a Federal Matter821 Words   |  3 Pagesthis country was epic. I crossed four border lines and spent almost a year to get to the United States of America. I didn’t care. I could repeat every step and face every fear I had during my journey because I reached my goal, living in a free country where your dreams become true and the government protects your rights and your freedoms, but this isn’t the truth for everybody living in America. There are no dreams come true for the homosexual people. They don’t enjoy the same warranties heterosexuals

Human Trafficking is Slavery Essay - 1605 Words

In this essay, the history of human trafficking will be examined, followed by who is affected by trafficking. Next the scope and types of exploitation will be discussed. Human trafficking is an issue that affects countries all over the world. Governments have made an effort to curb trafficking, however these efforts have been very narrowly focused. American ignorance has led to poor handling of the issues by policy makers. Finally the essay will discuss a proposed solution and set some goals for society to work on in the future. When examining the traditional definition of slavery, it focuses on one human being taking ownership of another. Traditionally slaves were transported by lengthy sea voyages. However, with advancements in†¦show more content†¦The remaining twenty five percent end up used for a combination of sex and labor trafficking, or are used in some other unknown trafficking operation. Victims of commercial sexual exploitation are comprised of roughly ninety eight percent women and the remaining two percent are men and boys. However, children make up somewhere between 40 to 50 percent of the individuals involved in forced labor (Hepburn and Simon 2). Modern day slavery is far more profitable than slavery has been historically. This increase in profitability is due to the cost of exploiting a slave being miniscule in comparison to immense profits that a criminal can reap. The low risk involved for slave exploiters coupled with paltry conviction rates, has been a key factor in driving the tremendous demand for new slaves (Kara 69). It is astonishing to note that worldwide profits for human trafficking organizations exceed $44.3 billion annually (Hepburn and Simon 2). While the majority of sex trafficking victims are typically runaway or thrown-away youths, many other victims get involved in prostitution out of desperation to get things they need or want, like drugs or money (Walker-Rodriguez and Hill 2). Despite the news media’s constant focus on sex trafficking, there are other types of trafficking that occur outside the sex industry (Uy 209). For example, many boys are trafficked at a young age into the Middle East to be camel jockeys; disabled individualsShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking and Slavery880 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Trafficking and Slavery: Are the World’s Nations Doing Enough s to Stamp It Out? Slavery has existed since the beginning of human evolution (CQ Researcher 2010). The Civil War ended slavery in the United States in 1865. Worldwide slavery was prohibited during the late 1920’s. Although slavery is prohibited, millions of victims are forced into captivity. Victims are often kidnapped and forced into a lifetime of servitude and prostitution. Other victims of slavery are lured by the promise ofRead MoreSlavery and Human Trafficking2330 Words   |  10 Pages Slavery used to be obvious. Before it was abolished by the 13th Amendment, having ownership of other human beings was common and widely accepted. Though abolitionists at the time were opposed to slavery, they were not surprised by it. Today, however, many people would be surprised to know that slavery still exists, even in the United States. The elusive trade for sex slaves is hiding in brothels and hotels in every city. It hides at truck stops, residential houses, sporting events, and even onlineRead Mor eSlavery Vs Human Trafficking1572 Words   |  7 Pages Slavery still exists currently in contemporary society, but present-day slavery differs from the one centuries ago. Human trafficking is a type of slavery in modern society that involves the use of coercion or fraud to control victims into performing activities while ignoring the victim’s consent. Human trafficking has many misconceptions such as only women and children are victims or sex trafficking is the same as human trafficking. People are tricked by traffickers because of their manipulativeRead MoreHuman Trafficking: Slavery Today 1404 Words   |  6 Pagesservice professionals work to address the problem of human trafficking in a number of ways. Social workers are unique in their approach to this issue because they can address it from a number of angles. For example, social workers concentrate on both the individual victim as well as their social and economic situation which distinguishes it from other professions such as counseling (Palmer, 2010). Social workers meet the needs of human trafficking victims according to the principles outlined in theRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The Modern Slavery1415 Words   |  6 Pages When forced into sex trafficking statistics state that 67 percent of prisoners are forced into labor, 55 percent are women and girls, and 26 percent are children that endure the conditions and harshness of this generation s modern slavery. Human trafficking is the modern slavery throughout the globe and 27,000 cases have been reported to the NHTRC hotline in the last eight years alone (Human Trafficking). Human trafficking is of all ages, all genders, and anyone can be forced into the labor. ThereRead MoreModern Slavery : Human Trafficking1204 Words   |  5 PagesOur nation has had many encounters with the world’s most horrifying phenomenon, modern slavery, also known as human trafficking. Modern slavery consists of people being taken away by force or unknowingly of the situation to become exploited in many ways no matter the age, ethnicity, or color of the skin (DEF). Not only has it become a disgusting wicked disease but, it has taken over the country’s freedom. We as people living in the United States are guaranteed â€Å"freedom†, which isn’t true in the absoluteRead MoreHuman Trafficking, the Modern Slavery1034 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Perspectives Essay #2 Human Trafficking Causes and Effects Human Trafficking, The Modern Slavery Introduction Human trafficking is a big problem all around the world. Every year, thousands of men, women and children are kidnapped by traffickers, and forced into sexual exploitation and slavery. In this essay, I will talk about the causes of human trafficking and what effects it has on the victims, families, and society. Causes The cause of human trafficking is mainly the organizedRead MoreSex Slavery And Human Trafficking2202 Words   |  9 Pages Sex Slavery and Human Trafficking in Nigeria Ramapo College of New Jersey Kaitlyn Cestaro Human Trafficking is defined in article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receivingRead MoreModern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking 866 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (â€Å"What† par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. E very yearRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Form Of Modern Slavery906 Words   |  4 Pages Human Trafficking Have you ever heard about human trafficking? Some people would say that human trafficking is no more in this world because now everyone become educated they themselves became victim. Others would say that human trafficking is illegal business, human being sale human being. Even I did not believe that human trafficking was here in the United States, but human trafficking was all over the world. â€Å"Trafficking in human beings is a dressing phenomenon

Memo Body Public speaking

Question: Describe something the following points..Public speakingFreshman English Freshman English Workshop College Algebra Appreciation of DramaService To Leadership Reading in the Disciplines Answer: Public speaking This class is held on Tuesday and Thursday at 5.30 pm to 6.55 pm at the 2nd floor, room no. 285 of college of art building, this is on Strange Performing Art, which I attend. The instructor Marc Payne guides us to build skills related to speaking in front of people. The duration is Aug 27, 2015 to Dec 13, 2015. The presentation helped professor for providing learning benefits to all the students at a time. I faced two challenges while attending this course, first, listening the tips provided by professor and second, to note down information from presentation, though I pay much attention in class. Listening the tips provided by the teacher helped the students in understanding the learning outcomes more easily. Paying attention in class helps me a lot in understanding the major points in class. The second challenge is the notes taking which is important to remember all the important points of learning provided in the class. I addressed my problem to Mr. Marc, but his view was, student in class if pay attention with studying after class, will achieve success. Freshman English I This class I attend on Thursday 11 am to 12.35 pm, held on Crouch Hall, 3rd floor, room 317, duration- aug 27 to dec 13, 2015, instructed by Robert Branley. The two challenges in this course are homework, important for improving my skills and managing time, which I do with use of calendar. Homework makes a student more capable of doing and understanding learning programs. It also helped me in improving the grammatical mistakes in the work. The writing skills development via the help of my professor improved my other learning skills. The management of time which is another area of improvement os important in the tests, which I improved from this course. Dr. Branley said about my challenges that, attendance in class will help me to do get success. Freshman English Workshop This course held on every Wednesday within 3.30 pm to 4.25pm, at room 310, 3rd floor, Student Suceess Centre, TSU. This is instructed by Johnanna L Grimes, to improve writing skills. The course duration is Aug 27 to Dec 11, 2015. I faced two challenges regarding reading and writing during this course. Reading helped me to improve grammatical mistakes and sentence framing, while writing helped in creation of new idea and brainstorm. Reading skills are important in any kind of educational skills for understanding any topic or making others understand about this topic. Writing skill development helped me to improve my writing style and quality, which is important to complete my educational course. Mr. Grimes said about my challenges that, the ENGL 10 essay as well as attendance in class will help me to combat with my challenges. College Algebra I The above course is on the Monday and Wednesday at 5.30pm to 6.55 pm, held at Boswell Science Complex, TSU, 2nd floor at room 243, course duration Aug 24 to Dec 11, 2015 with the instruction of Nekpen Aihie, who uses WebAssign for homework and exercise. With is the professor helped me in completing my homework and related exercise. Two challenges addressed by me are practice and enjoying the study. Mathematics needs lots of practice, which is improved with the help of this study and listening music helps me to be relaxed. Listening to music is an enjoyment which help me to feel refreshing while studying. The practice makes a learner perfect in a study course and more practice also helped me to build confidence on a particular subject. A lot of practice in mathematics helped me in building a strong view in that subject. Interview with Mr. Aihie provided me the ]knowledge that attendance and class response will help me a lot. Appreciation of Drama I I attend the above course in Tuesday and Thursday and at 2.20 pm at Strange Performing Art, TSU, room 127 and instructed by Patrick E Idoye, who uses PowerPoint for presentations. The course duration is from Aug 25 to Dec 11, 2015. This challenges in this course are notes taking, which helps in tests by provision of important information and chapter reading, which is the important in for remembering lecture notes. With the help of notes, which I take in the class, I am able to understand each and every very small and specific topics of the learning points. The course also helped me in reading chapter, which is very important for gathering more information, because chapters contains compact information about a particular topic or subject. I use flash card for reviewing every important information in the study. About these challenges Mr. E Idoye said, attending and asking in class will help in success. Service To Leadership It is held at Friday, 1 pm to 2.30 pm ate Gentry Complex, TSU, at room no. 226. The instructor is Timothy Paul Jones. It is regarding information of university, which is given through presentations. Course duration is from aug 28 to dec 11, 2015. The power point presentations here again helped the professor to explain all the points of the class in brief and to highlight the major points. Two challenges in this course are attending the class and completing homework, both of which are important for success. Attending the class in regular basis is very important for the success of a student, as class provides crucial information which are not given in any books or learning chapters, attendance in class helps me to clarify all the problems regarding the topic taught in the class. Another one is the homework, homework again helps me to do better in tests, as well as to know the areas of my weak points in that subject, which I can clarify in the class. Mr. Jones agreed with my thought and challenges and said that, it is valid for all the students attending the course. Reading in the Disciplines This course is at Student Success Centre, room no. 209, every Wednesday, at 12.45 pm to 1.40 pm. The study was instructed by John Nandzo, which is about building reading skills. Course duration is aug 26-dec 11, 2015. The instructor provided knowledge about the strategies whoich helps a student to establish skills for improving reading. Two challenges are reading and listening strategies, which helped to improve the course thereby evaluating myself. Listening to the strategies helped me to understand the course very well. Mr. John said these tips are helpful for improving skills.

Turning Points of WWII Essays - Military History By Country

Turning Points of WWII It is often thought that there were three specific turning points on the Allies road to victory in the second world war. The points that are considered to have the most significance are the Battle of Midway, the Battle of Stalingrad, and the Battle of El Alamein. Each one of these battles contributed to the rise of the Allies, and the fall of the Axis in their own way. The Battle of Midway is considered the most influential battle in the Pacific theater. It took place between June 4th and June 7th, 1942, near Midway Atoll. American Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance lead a battle against the Japanese fleet, under the Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chuichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondo. The battle ended with the Americans victorious, and the Japanese fleet suffering irreversible damages. The victory of this battle is largely due to the American cryptographers, who managed to find the time, date, and place that the attack was to take place. This allowed the Americans to prepare for the attack, and ultimately lead to their victory. The battle of midway is considered the biggest naval victory in history, and marks a turning point in the war. With the Japanese fleet decimated, the Pacific remained under US control, allowing trade to continue for the US, and allowed the US to focus more of their efforts in Europe. The Battle of Stalingrad was considered to be one of the largest and bloodiest battles in history. Nazi Germany and its allies tried to advance on the Eastern front, further into Russia. The Germans began their offensive on August 23rd, 1942, by sending in the 6th army with support from the 4th Panzer division, all the while having support from the Luftwaffe. Despite this apparent tactical advantage, the fighting was eventually reduced to fighting house for house. In the end, the Red Army managed to push the Germans back, out of Stalingrad, and the Germans never regained their footing on the Eastern front. This battle is considered a turning point because it marks the point where the Germans could no longer advance to the East. Putting Germany on the defencive in the East also meant the German army had to redistribute troops, withdrawing them from the West, and sending them East. This made the war on the Western front significantly easier. The Battle of El Alamein, marked the first major victory of the Allies, without US intervention. The battle took place on the 23 of October, 1942, and ended November 3rd of the same year. It took place near the El Alamein railway in Egypt. Lead by Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, the battle cut the Axis powers, off from the Suez Canal, and the oil fields of the Middle East. During the battle a German oil tanker was also sunk, leading to dire lack of fuel for the German army. This battle was the main turning point in the North African Campaign, and helped lead to the ultimate defeat of the Axis. The Suez Canal was a vital resource for trade and troop movement, making it a strategic point. Cutting off Germany from the oil fields was also a tactical decision, making it harder to fuel the tanks and trucks in use by the Germans at the time. On top of it all, the win was a massive boost to the morale of the Allies. World War Two was a bloody affair, fought by honest men, and lead by strong leaders. There are many battles that made up the second world war, but without the victory at these three points, the path which the war took could have been very different.

KATOLICKA KLASICNA GIMNAZIJA S PRAVOM JAVNOSTI U V Essays (1517 words)

KATOLICKA KLASICNA GIMNAZIJA S PRAVOM JAVNOSTI U VIROVITICI OSVRT NA PROCITANO DJELO IZ FILOZOFIJE Herman Hesse: Siddhartha Odlican (5) V. L. Vidovic Ucenica: Ema Patrcevic U Virovitici, ozujak 2012. UVOD Uceci filozofiju kao skolski predmet, naisla sam na mnoge filozofe koji su zaokupili moju paznju i pomogli mi da shvatim neka dotad skrivena znacenja. Neki od takvih meni dragih filozof a su: Baruch Spinoza, Wilhe lm Leibni z, Francois Marie- Arouet Voltaire i Rudjer Boskovic. Zajednicko im je sto pripadaju racionalizmu i prosvjetiteljstvu, ali i zapadnjackoj kulturi. Njihova filozofija lijepa je i poticajna, ali i slicna, bazirana na slicnim principima razmisljanjima. Naisavsi na neke recenice, misli, pa i djela istocnjacke filozofije, shvatila sam kolika je steta sto nije dio naseg skolskog programa. Istocnjacka filozofija dosta se razlikuje od ove zapadnjacke na koju smo navikli. Nije toliko bazirana na vidljivom, odnosima izmedju ljudi i zajednice kojoj pripadaju, vec se fokusira na svakog covjeka iznutra, na ono nevidljivo, a stalno prisutno u svakom od nas. Davno smo culi da ako zelimo promjeniti svijet, moramo krenuti mijenjanjem sebe. Istocnjacka filozo fija prodire u bit svakog covjeka i zeli mu pomoci da prvo shvati svoje postojanje kako bi mogao shvatiti zasto je ovdje, i tako ispuniti cilj svog postojanja. To moze zvucati sebicno, ali istina je da ne mozemo pomoci nekome ako smo sami zaslijepljeni- tako ga jedino mozemo odvesti na krivi trag. Trazeci tako neka djela Istoka, naisla sam na zanimljivu knjigu zapadnjackog pisca, Nijemca, Her mana Hessea koji u njoj govori o Buddhinim prvim sljedbenicima i bavi se njihovim promisljanjima. Naziv knjige je Siddhartha, a prelistavajuci vec prve stranice shvatila sam da nisam pogrijesila posudivsi ju... Slika 1: Naslovnica Siddharthe RAZRADA Odmah na pocetku knjige susrecemo se s glavnim likom, Siddharthom. Radnja knjige odvija se u Indija, sto vidimo u podjeljenosti sustava na kaste. Cetiri kaste nastale su po hinduistickoj religiji od Brahmine glave, ruku, bedara i nogu. Cine ih: 1. Brahmani (svecenstvo). Iza njih dolazi ratnick o plemstvo Ksatrija. Odmah ispod Ksatrija dolazi kasta Vajsija (gradjanstvo). Ove prve tri kaste su 'dvaput rodjeni', i neizmjeran ih jaz dijeli od posljednje cetvrte kaste Su dra . Su dre su oni koji sluze, njima je zabranjeno sudjelovanje u obredima zrtvovanja i citanje svetih knjiga . Sidharthin otac bio je brahman, tako da je i Sidhartha pripadao toj najvisoj kasti. Bio je vrlo lijep, ali i uman mladic. Brzo je svladao sve tehnike brahmana, abio je i vjest savjetodavac. Svi su ga voljeli i divili mu se, ali on nije volio sebe. Osjecao je da nije dosegao ono sto je trebao , a sto se nalazi u svakom covjeku- atman. Atman je vazan i znac ajan pojam hinduizma. Dolazi vec u starijim Vedama. Znacenje mu je dah, dusa, a pravi smisao vlastitost covjeka i stvari u svijetu,te njihovo najdublje, unutrasnje bivstvo u opreci sa slucajnom pojavom. Upotrebljava se kao osnova posebnoga nacina postojanja kao i za opci princip bitka (duh svijeta); u tom znacenju postaje sinonim za brahman, sto znaci bozansko jedinstvo svega. Atman je zapravo individualna svijest ili kako bismo mi rekli, dusa. Ta dusa, ili individualna svijest identicna je univerzalnoj svijesti, brahmanu. Ta je spoznaja trebala dovesti do stapanja atmana i brahmana.Tako je i Sidhartha promisljao kako spoznati atman: '' A gdje se mogao naci atman,gdje je on boravio, gdje je kucalo njegovo vjecno srce, gdje drugdje doli u vlastitom ja, u onom unutrasnjem, u nerazorivom sto ga svatko nosi u sebi? '' Osjecajuci kako taj atman nece dosegnuti kao brahman, sa svojim vjernim prijateljem, Govindom, odlucuje se prikljuciti samanama i njihovom isposnickom nacinu z ivljenja. Poducen od najstarijeg samane, Sid d hartha je mnogo naucio. Naucio je podnositi bol, glad, sve vremenske neprilike, i pritome ostati strpljiv i miran. Naucio je ukidati sebstvo, osjecati kako je u svemu sto ga okruzuje- mogao je zamisliti da je caplja, riba, voda, suma, pa i mrtav sakal- zapravo je svjesno to poticuci, dozivljavao reinkarnaciju. Ipak, svo to znanje jos mu nije pomoglo da pronadje vjecno u sebi. Tako je zakljucio obracajuci se prijatelju: ''O Govinda, potrosio sam mnogo vremena i jos nisam spreman nauciti ovo: da nista nije moguce nauciti! Vjerujem, da ono sto mi zovemo ucenjem zapravo ne postoji. Postoji, o moj prijatelju, samo jedno znanje koje

5 Reasons to Support Your Local Community Theater

5 Reasons to Support Your Local Community Theater When I was still in my teens, a friend was directing a community theater production of Once Upon a Mattress, a musical retelling of They desperately needed a spotlight operator, so I obliged. On opening night, as I sat up above the audience, I watched as the people chatted anxiously. I witnessed their hushed awe as the stage manager lowered the houselights. Then, after the curtains were drawn, and the opening number began, I spotted one energetic performer after another. After that night, I was hooked on plays. I didn’t simply fall in love with theater because of its entertainment value. That evening I learned that community theaters benefit not just the audience but the entire community. So, why should you support your local playhouse? Here are a few ideas to consider: Nurture New Artists: Many successful actors, directors, writers, and choreographers have launched their careers in humble, small town playhouses. Just by attending and applauding, audiences give up-and-coming stars the positive feedback they need to continue their artistic pursuits. Also, many community theaters offer classes for children’s productions. The stage develops confidence and responsibility within young performers. In my experience, I have seen the shyest of children improve her communication skills. When I directed children’s shows for a local civic light opera, I met a seven year old girl named Megan who only spoke in whispers; she didn’t have any friends at the beginning of rehearsals. However, the choreographer noticed that she moved very gracefully. We gave her a special dance solo. It boosted her self-esteem. Soon, she was an outgoing, talkative, and friendly part of the cast. Share Valuable Skills: Community theaters need more than just cast members. Anyone that can sew a costume, paint a backdrop, build a staircase, or edit a sound effect is a desirable addition to the company. Novices of a particular skill, such as construction or lighting, can increase their ability by working alongside veteran craftsmen. Likewise, experts can enjoy sharing their knowledge and passing their craftsmanship to the next generation.    Advertise Locally:    Small business owners should financially support playhouses, and not just for altruistic reasons. A good thirty minutes before a show, most audience members spend their time thumbing through the program, inspecting the actor bios. It’s the perfect opportunity to advertise. Theater goers are essentially a captive audience while they scan through the program. Small business can use this time to reach hundreds of potential customers. Ad space is relatively inexpensive and will help the performing arts thrive.    Socialize with New People:    Whether you work as an assistant director, a chorus member, the star of the show or a stagehand, one thing is certain: you will meet new friends. There is something exhilarating about putting on a show. It brings people close together; it tests their skills, and it enlightens audiences. Many lifelong friendships and relationships have been formed while practicing sword fighting, stage-kissing, or falling through a trap door. There is a strong bond with all who band together to put on a play. We become friends because we work as one to tell as story.    Be Part of the Storytelling Process:    Plays are an ancient form of storytelling. It’s a creative ritual still very much alive despite the age of  Youtube. Most community theaters produce time-tested classics such as Man of La Mancha, Death of a Salesman, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Some are light hearted; some are deep and profound. All offer a message to the audience. Classic and contemporary plays speak to us because they explore what it means to be human. Those who participate in the storytelling process can feel proud knowing they are spreading a positive message to their community. So go audition. Offer up your skills. Advertise in the program. Contribute your time and energy. And by all means, go see a show! You’ll become a part of the vibrant, long-cherished tradition of the theatrical storytelling. â€Å"The powerful Play goes on, and you may contribute a verse.† Walt Whitman

Jordanian Arabic Phonology and Morphology Essay

Jordanian Arabic Phonology and Morphology - Essay Example As the report declares a major difference in the syllabic inventory of the two languages is in the presence of the super-heavy syllable of the form CVVC in Arabic and its dialects. This does not exist in the syllable-structure in English. Although there are many other points of difference between English and Jordanian Arabic from the phonological point of view, including rules of transformation and optimality theoretical constraints, the discussion has been restricted here to these basic points of difference. This paper compares the two languages- English and Jordanian Arabic- in terms of the morphology that characterizes them. One of the principal characteristics of Semitic morphology is its being non-linear or non-concatenative: instead of morphemes being placed linearly before the stem as prefixes and suffixes as in English, the morphemic structure of Semitic words is characterized by two or more morphemes interwoven within each other in a discontinuous fashion. One morpheme is inserted into another in certain slots of the word-stem structure. Neither the root-morpheme nor the morpheme to which it is attached (also called the template) free. They are both bound morphemes and only when a certain root and a template merge a definite word is completely specified phonologically, morphologically and semantically. In the case of third-person pronouns, English has he/she/it for singular while Jordanian Arabic has a dichotomy: objects ending with â€Å"taa’ murboota† take the pro noun â€Å"hiyeh† and rest take â€Å"howa†.

Individual Career Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individual Career Plan - Essay Example The timely fashion that is required during all journalistic encounters ensures that events are relayed and communicated in the best possible way. This is the only way that all events and activities witnessed are communicated to all parties in the best possible way. Packaging is necessary in the field of journalism. This is because proper packaging ensures that all the information collected is as palatable as possible (Kobre 2008). The role of journalism cannot be ignored in any given society. This is because, at each and every point, the public interest in what is happening all over the world is very high. This is possible because of the aspects of journalism that look into the events all over the world. The coordination of information and pictures is able to communicate all the needed information about a situation. The condensation of information and pictures about any situation totals to journalism. This is the only way that the public is aware of their surroundings. Photojournalis m Photojournalism is one area in the entire field of journalism. Each new story has the sole aim of communicating information. For it to appeal to all the involved parties, it is accompanied by still pictures and images that complement the story (Kobre 2008). As compared to all other forms of photography, photojournalism has been stipulated to follow certain ethical and pictorial considerations. They are entitled to remain as ethical and impartial to communicate the specifics of what should be reported. They complementary role that photojournalism plays has been reported to bring any story alive. Many people that have been interviewed in many researchers conclude that they watched and participated in news surveys as a result of what they watch. This is as compared to what they hear (Kobre 2008). Many life events were reversed as a result of what images were relayed to accompany a story. There are very many examples that show what the research concluded. The genocide in Rwanda in 199 4 and the civil war in Sudan got worldwide attention as a result of chilling images that accompanied the stories. These are some few random examples from all over the world in line with the effects of photojournalism. It is imperative that, at each and every point the aspects of photojournalism should be governed by timeliness, narration and objectivity. This means that all pictures and images should be timely in how they complement the story line. This is through the introduction of a cutline. The images and pictures should also be very objective in the sense that the pictures should have a high sense of what the story line is about. Without the connection, they will be of absolutely no benefit to the story. The connection between the pictures and the story line is through the introduction of a narrative. Narration ensures that the audience is able to relate the story and picture. This creates a perfect view for all those that are watching (Kovach 2007). Job Description and Skills Profile Photojournalism entails the use and application of photographic equipment. The equipment has the ability to capture images as they appear. Once a photojournalist is in the zone, the camera is zoomed to view all aspects of what is being filmed. It is necessary for the journalist to zoom and project the image from all the necessary angles. Aspects of creativity come into sharp focus as any form of angle alteration could lead to the complete

Employee Reward Strategy for Heidelberg Insurance Services Assignment

Employee Reward Strategy for Heidelberg Insurance Services - Assignment Example In order to reduce the problems of lack of commitment, Poor quality performance and Lack of effective control, it is hereby recommended that the amount of times based salary in their monthly take home should be considerably reduced and a new system of commission based salary should be introduced. Commission should be directly proportionate to the volume of sales achieved by individual sales consultant. Also, the formula of higher the sales, the higher the percentage of commission should apply. Complete abandonment of fixed based salary is not recommended because it will reduce job security that may lead to high turnover. Also, if due to any reason i.e. illness, a sales consultant is not able to work for full number of days in a month; his/her commission income will sharply reduce. Thus, this fixed based salary will supplement that consultant's income in that particular month. Ultimately it will lead to enhanced commitment towards HIS. In an addition, to ensure effective checks and balances on the activities of sales consultants, amount of commission income should be made inversely proportionate to the number of complaints received against each of them. A Points System of Rewards i.e. ... Customer's feedback should also have strong impact on a sales consultant's pay package and quarterly/yearly bonus. To achieve this, customer satisfaction survey should be conducted after careful selection of sample. It will help in two ways. First of all it will make the customer feel that his/her feedback regarding the sales consultant's service to him is important to the company and thus it will develop a sense of attachment between him/her and the company. Secondly, it will help exercise effective control over the sales consultant. He/she will take great care at the time of making commitments - a problem that the company is facing and paying for by bad publicity by some unsatisfied customers. It is also highly recommended that the team of sales consultants should not be hired by one sales director only; they should be divided into 4 teams and each team headed by one team leader directly reporting to the sales director. It will be easy for team leaders and the sales director also to handle small groups of people that will help develop committed teams competing with each other in terms of sales and quality of output. Clerical Division Existing Payment System An organization's success depends not only on the performance of its sales team and / or of the senior management, the minor tasks performed by clerical staff are also important though relatively lesser than that of others. At Heidelberg, existing reward strategy does not reflects any thing that may motivate clerical staff to stay committed to the organization and to help achieve management's aim of reducing cost. Recommended Reward Strategy Since the job does not require a very high level of commitment, neither does

L-Shaped Array for Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope

L-Shaped Array for Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope Abstract An array of eight antennas with different configuration, more precisely an L-shaped array has been built for the Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA) project. It consists of quite newly designed Dual Polarised Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA). The first stage of the project was to test the existing array of DPLPDA antennas in a parallelconfiguration in the North South direction and to bring forward different improvements. Also, comparision of data was done with the Durban University of Technology (DUT) at Durban RSA where a similar array was constructed. Next, UV coverage of different arrays were simulated. After that, the DPLPDA were constructed.After setting up the array, the antenna response of each antenna was tested and the results obtained was interpreted. The final test was to test the complete array after combining all the antennas. CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Overview 1.1Introduction 1.1.1Radio Astronomy Radio astronomy is the study of celestial objects that emit radio waves.In the 1930’s, Karl Jansky (1905-1950), working for the Bell Laboratories, was trying to determine the origin of the source of noise interfering with radio voice transmissions. He built a steerable antenna designed to receive radio waves at a frequency of 20.5 MHz. From the observations, he found that the period of the earth’s rotation relative to the radio source was 23 hours and 56 minutes instead of 24 hours. Hence, he concluded that the source was follwing sidereal time. He also observed that the strongest radiation was coming from the centre of our Milky Way galaxy.Inspired by Jansky’s work, Grote Reber (1911-2002) built a parabolic radio telescope of diameter 9m in his back yard, in 1937. After several trials, Reber successfully detected radio emission from the Milky Way, in 1938, confirming Janskys discovery. This led to the discovery of a range of celestial objects, such as radio gala xies, quasars, and pulsars with radio emission with various types of antennas. [1] 1.1.2.1 Radio Interferometry Radio interferometry are arrays of radio antennas that are used inastronomicalobservations simultaneously to simulate singletelescopesof very largeapertures and are used to make measurements of fine angular detail in the radio emission. Radio interferometry enable measurement of the position of radio sources with accuracy to allow identification of other objects detected in the electromagnetic spectrum. Michelson and Pease made the discovery of the interferometric techniques in 1921. They were able to obtain sufficiently fine angular resolution to measure the diameters of some of the nearer stars such as Arcturus and Betelgeuse. [2] 1.1.2.2 Aperture Synthesis Aperture Synthesis or Synthesis Imaging is a type of interferometry that correlates radio signals obtained from a collection of telescopes or antennas to produce images. These images have the same angular resolution as that of the size of a single and a much larger telescope or antenna. Aperture synthesis was first discovered by Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) and coworkers from the Radio Astronomy Group at Cambridge University at radio wavelengths. In 1974, Martin Ryle was the first astronomer awarded a Nobel Prize. [3] Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI) also makes use of radio interferometric techniques. TypicallyVLBIrefers to experiments that do not process their data in real time, but record it for latercorrelation to produce the resulting image. It achieves ultra-high angular resolution and is a multi-disciplinary technique. VLBIis used in measuring pulsar parallaxes andproper motion, resolving the cores of radio galaxies and fets from supermassive black holes, among others. [14] Some of the commonly used radio interferometers are: the Very Large Array (VLA) in Socorro, New Mexico,USA; It consists of 27 radio antennas, each of diameter 25 metres, along three arms of a Y-shaped configuration spread over three 21 kilometres tracks providing 351 baselines. [4] the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), operated by Jordrell Bank Observatory; It is an array of 7 radio telescopes spread across Britain with separation up to 217 kilometres operating at frequencies between 151 MHz and 24 GHz. [5] the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in Narrabri, NSW, Australia. The telescope is an array of six identical 22 metres diameter dishes with five movable dishes along a 3 kilometres railway track and the sixth one is 3 kilometres west at the end of the main track. The maximum baseline length is 2.7 kilometres and the observing frequencies are from 300 MHz to 8 GHz.[6] the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Narayangaon,Pune, India. It consists of 30 steerable parabolic dish each of diameter 45 metres opertaing at six different frequency bands and where 14 dishes are arranged in a central square and remaining 6 in a three arm Y-shaped array giving a baseline of about 25 Kilometres . [7] Some of the new radio interferometers are: Low Frequency Array (LoFAR) in north of Exloo, the Netherlands (core) and neighbouring countries It is a phased-array of radio telescopes of about 25,000 small antennas in at 48 larger stations where 40 of these stations are distributed across the north of Netherlands, five stations in Germany, and one each in Great Britain, France and Sweden and has a low requency range from 10-240 MHz. [8] Figure 1: The LoFAR Array Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in llano de Chajnantar Observatory, Atacama Desert,Chile It consists of sixty six 12 metres and 7 metres diameter radio telescopes observing at wavelengths of 0.3 to 9.6 millimetres . [9] Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Murchison Radio Astronomy Observatory, Western Australia It consists of 2048 dual-polarization dipole antennas, each a 44 array of dipoles and operates at low radio frequencies, 80-300 MHz, with a processed bandwidth of 30.72 MHz for both linear polarisations, and consists of 128 aperture arrays (known as tiles) distributed over approximately 3- kilometres diameter area. [10] Figure 2: MWA Antenna tiles KAT7 MeerKAT in Northern Cape, South Africa Figure 3: Aerial View of KAT7 KAT-7 consist of 7 dishes of 12 metres in diameter each a Prime Focus Reflecting Telescopes having a minimum baseline of 26 meters and maximum baseline of 185 metres and have a frequency range of 1200 MHz – 1950 MHz. KAT-7 is an engineering prototype for the MeerKAT. KAT-7 is the world’s first radio telescope array with fiberglass dishes. . MeerKAT, which is still under construction and is slated for completion in 2016 , will consist of 64 dishes of 13.5 meters in diameter having a minimum baseline of 29 metres and maximum baseline of 20 kilometres and it will operate at frequency ranging from 580MHz – 1.75 GHz and 8 – 15 Ghz.[11,12] e- MERLIN is an enhanced and upgraded array of the old MERLIN array.The e- MERLIN instrument is a high resolution radio interferometer connected by a new optical fibre network to Jodrell Bank Observatory. This new system gives rise to a massive increase in sensitivity and observational capabilities.[13] Figure 4: e-MERLIN array European VLBI Netwok (EVN) is an interferometric array of radio telescopes spread across Europe which also includes stations in far-East Asia , South Africa and Puerto Rico that conducts high resolution radio astronomical observations of radio sources. It is the most sensitive VLBI array in the world. It was formed in 1980 and the administering body now comprises 14 institutes[15].TheEVNalso routinely joins other networks, such as theVery Long Baseline Array (VLBA)and the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), to become a globalVLBIarray. The VLBA is spread throughout Mauna Kea , Hawaii and St Croix. It typically consists of 10 VLA radio antennas and as result it has a maximum baseline exceeding 8000 Km[16]. Some of the future African based new radio interferometers are: African VLBI Network (AVN) Multi-Frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA) 1.1.3 MITRA (Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy) 1.1 The MITRA is an international radio astronomy project which aims to do extremly wide field of imaging with heterogenius non coplanar arrays. The acronym of MITRA means â€Å"friend† in Sanskrit. It is a low frequency array telescope jointly started by Girish Kumar Beeharry from University of Mauritius (UOM) nd Stuart David Macpherson and Gary Peter Janse Van Vuuren from the Durban University of Technolagy (DUT) in South Africa. The project is being simultaneously implemented at the Mauritius Radio Telescope (MRT), located at Bras D’Eau Mauritius, site and at the DUT campus site. The projects will then be expanded to the different SKA Africa partner countries and eventually to other African countries. Data from each country will be combined to form an international aperture synthesis telescope using the techniques of Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). It is a sensitive high resolution multifrequency dual polarity instrument in the range of 200 to 800 MHz. The instrument chosen for this purpose are Dual Polarized Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA)[17]. 1.1.4 African Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) The African Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) is an array of radio telescopes throughout Africa. It is planned to form part of the existing global VLBI networks . It will be associated with the European VLBI Network (EVN ). The latteris a consortium of major radio astronomy institutes in Europe and China (Schilizzi). It has member and associated radio telescopes in Europe, China, South Africa (Hartebeesthoek0, Japan(Kashima) and Puerto Rico (Arecibo). The EVN is capable of providing an excellent angular resolution(from 5 to 0.15 milliarc seconds depending on observing frequency) and high sensitivity for VLBI observations. One of the main technological drivers has been the availability of telecommunication antennas all over Africa. Part of the scheme is to modify the existing dishes, of about at least 30 m in diameter, into radio telescopes. All these telescopes will be linked together, and to radio telescopes in South Africa, forming the African VLBI Network. This, in t urn, would be connected to radio telescopes and arrays in Europe and elsewhere in the world, including North and South America, Asia and Australia. The conversion of a Ghana located dish into a radio telescopes has already been begun.The AVN’s plans to convert three more dishes in Kenya, Zambia and Madagascar. It also aims to build four new radio telescopes in Namibia, Botswana, Mauritius and Mozambique. [19] 1.1.5 Electronic Multi Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt(EMBRACE) and African European Radio Astronomy Aperture Array (AERA3 ) The EMBRACE demonstrates the technical and scientific potential of the aperture array concept using a phased array station with the essential SKA. There are two stations, one in NanÃ’Â «ay, France and the other one at the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in the Netherlands. These two stations are prototype arrays for the SKA MFAA. It consists of an antenna array organized in tiles of dual polarization antennas. A large number of antenna tiles forms the collecting area. The signals from the radiating elements of the antenna from each tile are amplified and the initial analogue RF beam forming is applied. Generally, an EMBRACE is designed for a frequency range of 400-1500 MHz of single polarization, a collecting area of 100 m2 , system temperature of 100 K and has two fields of view with 8 digital beams . The idea of having multiple independent beams gives rise to the AERA3 because EMBRACE considers only two beams. AERA3 is similar to EMBRACE but this new aperture array will have a greater collecting area with will be approximately 2000 m2 varying with a frequency range of 400-1500 MHz with full polarization, two fields of view with 64 digital beams, system temperature of 50 K and bandwidth of less than 500 MHz. AERA3 will be used for intensity mapping, surveys of the whole sky and search for pulsars.[20,21] Figure 5: Embrace at Nancay, Paris 1.1.6 The Square Kilometre array (SKA) The SKA will be a revolutionary radio telescope made of hundred of thousands of receptors. They will be linked together, forming a total collecting area of approximately one square kilometre. It will be the largest and most sensitive radio telescope ever built. It will be able to survey the sky faster than present instruments. In 2006, the African consortium and Australia were both shortlisted as potential sites fot building the SKA. In the 25th May 2012, the SKA organisation announced that SKA would be shared between the African consortium and Australia on a 2:1 ratio basis. The African consortium would be undertaking the construction of the high and mid frequency arrays. The Australian would be in charge of the low frequency aperture array. The SKA consists of two phases where Phase 1 is the construction of about 10% of the SKA. It will make use of the existing infrastructure and telescopes already being built by the two countries. That is, the South Africas precursor array the 64-dish MeerKAT telescope and the Australias 36-dish SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). Additionally, there will be 50low-frequency 1.5 metre high antenna stations, 60mid-frequency 15 metre dishes built in Australia. Finally, 190mid-frequency 15 metres dishes will be built in South Africa. Phase 2 is the extension to a baseline of 3,000 Km or more in South Arica and African partners countries. These are namely, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, and Zambia. Also, a total of about three thousand dishes, with the highest concentration in the Northern Cape, South Africa, and some dishes in the other consortium countries will be built. In Australia, the telescope will extend over a baseline of200 km. It will operate with a frequency coverage from 70 MHz to 30 GHz. The SKA will use aperture synthesis, over a distance of more than 3000km to simulate a single giant radio telescope capable of extremely high sensitivity and angular resolution. The SKA will be able to observe the black holes, stars, galaxies and detect black holes[11,22,23,24]. Figure 6: SKA overview 1.1.7 The Log Periodic Dipole Antenna A log periodic antenna, also referred to as a log periodic array, is an antenna that can operate on a wide frequency band. It was à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst built in 1958 by Dwight Isbell at the University of Illinois, United States of America. LPDA is a directional antenna which possesses constant electrical characteristics such as gain, impedance and front-to-back ratio over the wide range of frequencies. It varies periodically with the logarithmic. The antenna consists of a series of linear elements also known as dipoles and the individual elements connect with a transmission or feed line such as coaxial cable. Each element is placed in an alternating configuration leading to a phase shift of 180o (Ï€ radians). [25] 1.2 Aim The aim of this project is to construct a front-end system for radio astronomical observations in the frequency range 200 MHz to 800 MHz using the Dual Polarised Log Periodic Dipole Antenna model with bandwidth 200 MHz to 800 MHz. The front end system will consist of an L-shaped array of antennas. This L shaped array is the start of a matrix of an eight by eight antennas. It will be used as a prototype for Intensity mapping for large scale neutral hydrogen (HI) mapping. Several improvements to the existing antennas will be made and applied to new array configuration. Also along with the array, a shielded box will be constructed for electronic purposes. This work focuses on the longer baseline sparse mid frequency aperture array (MFAA), in contrast to the dense aperture arrays like EMBRACE and the future AERA3.

Tupac Shakur: a Hip Hop Inspiration

Tupac Shakur: A Hip-Hop Inspiration Music is a cultural journal that expresses the realities and emotions of life in a poetic way. For the African American culture, music has always been a statement for many controversial topics such as racism, religion, politics, education, crime, and violence. In the 1990’s, Hip-Hop became the newest cultural and artistic voice for the African American population. Genres such as jazz, blues, rock-n-roll, and gospel that once dominated the musical culture of African Americans slipped into the background, and Hip-Hop rose to power and defined a generation.The inspirational and influential Tupac Shakur stormed onto the rap scene in 1991 with an emotional style that changed the rap game forever. Tupac’s social consciousness morphed him into an activist and enabled him to influence American culture along with redefining the hip-hop genre. Tupac Shakur was born in New York City during the year 1971. His mother, Afeni Shakur, a member of the Black Panther Party. was in jail for bombing charges during her pregnancy. The origin of the name Tupac Amaru is Incan and translates to â€Å"shining serpent,† while Shakur is Arabic and means â€Å"thankful to God. In 1986, Shakur's family moved to Baltimore, Maryland, where Tupac enrolled in the Baltimore School for the Arts. At the age of 15, Tupac wrote his first rap song under the name of M. C. New York. The rapper’s life took a turn for the worse in 1988 when his family moved to a small city outside of Oakland, California. Shortly after moving to the projects, Tupac moved in with a neighbor and started to sell drugs. Later that year, Tupac's stepfather Mutulu Shakur was indicted and sentenced to 60 years in prison for his part in an armored car robbery that took place in 1981.Despite all of the trouble surrounding him and his family, Tupac joined the Grammy-nominated rap group ‘Digital Underground’ as a dancer and rapper. After touring with the ac claimed group in 1990, Tupac released his first solo album in '91. He received immediate recognition for his debut album, 2pacalypse Now, which graced the world with the successful singles â€Å"Trapped† and â€Å"Brenda's Got A Baby. † With the individual success that Tupac had received with his musical talent, he wanted to prove to the world that he was more than just a rapper. In 1992, Tupac appeared in the Earnest Dickerson film â€Å"Juice. Within the next two years, Tupac starred in two additional movies: the John Singleton movie, â€Å"Poetic Justice†(Janet Jackson co-starred), and â€Å"Above The Rim. † Unfortunately, legal issues slowed the success of the influential rapper as a result of his 1994 arrest on sexual assault charges in New York. Subsequently, during the same month and in the same city, Tupac was shot in an apparent robbery attempt outside of his recording studio. Shortly after his quick recovery, Tupac was then acquitted of sodomy and weapons charges after he was convicted of sexually abusing a woman he had invited to his hotel room.Despite the absurd amount of legal problems, Shakur was back in the studio in early '95 and released the incredible album Me Against The World. The amount of devotion and emotion put into songs such as â€Å"Dear Mama† helped this record surpass 2 million copies sold. In February of the same year, Tupac was sentenced to 4 1/2 years in prison for sex abuse. After serving only eight months, Shakur was released on bail while he appealed the sentence. Still thriving on the success of Me Against The World, Tupac released his fourth solo album, All Eyez On Me, which topped the ‘Billboard Album Chart’ shortly after it debuted.Songs such as â€Å"Life Goes On† and â€Å"I Ain’t Mad At Cha† once again demonstrate Tupac’s ability to put every fiber of his being into each one of his songs. The game-changing album went on to sell five million co pies. On September 7, 1996, Tupac Amaru Shakur was knocked off the top of the world when he was shot in an apparent drive-by in Las Vegas. Five days later, Tupac was pronounced dead. The controversy surrounding the death of the greatest hip-hop artist of all time remains, to this day, a mystery.The death of Tupac Shakur may still be a mystery, however his influence on hip-hop music is undeniable. Tupac had a talent for exposing social and economical issues that forced society to face the reality that our nation was still far from perfect. He used his success and lyrics as a medium to speak to the world about important economical, political and social injustices. He quickly became a leader among the African American population, transforming into a voice for his nationality and a source of hope when there was nothing left for his people to believe in.Tupac was an inspiration to those suffering from poverty or feeling hopeless about the future; his accomplishments proved that even a ki d from the ghetto could rise above the hate and despair, achieve any goal, and make a difference in the world. The death of Tupac Shakur and his influence on hip-hop music is an invaluable part of not just African-American history, but world history. He may have been a criminal that had ‘thug life' tatooed on his body, but Tupac was a courageous person who not only stood up for what he believed in, but carved his views into the hip-hop genre for generations to come.Shakur’s life, legacy, and music career focused on activism so much that I see him as the Martin Luther King of hip-hop. As an avid reader, Shakur absorbed a wealth of knowledge and was eager to share it. Today, you hear a lot of rap and hip-hop music that has no real value. Sadly, most rap lyrics now are focused on material things, money and sex. The emotion in and deeper meaning of rap is dead. Though there are a few exceptions (Eminem), hip-hop for the most part has been swallowed by the genre the media is responsible for: pop.Music nowadays entails repetitive chorus’s and seems to be just noise. Great music is now a commodity that is hard to come by, especially in hip-hop, which is why I am so thankful for Tupac’s music even though his career was cut short. In a very short time, Tupac managed to address profound social issues while preaching through his lyrics. Not only did Shakur influence the genre of hip-hop and the culture of many Americans, he became a worldwide symbol of change. Tupac Shakur is a martyr, who believed he could make a difference through music, and boy did he ever.I end this paper on the greatest hip-hop artist of all time with lyrics from the song â€Å"Changes: Come on, Come on, That’s just the way it is, Things will never be the same, That’s just the way it is, Aww Yeah. † Work Citied Hamilton, K. (2004). Making some noise: The academy’s hip-hop generation. Black Issues in Higher Education, 21 (5), 34-37. Krims, A. (20 00). New perspectives in music history and criticism: rap music and the poetics of identity. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Smith, D. (1999). Tupac Shakur. In A. Light (Ed. ), The vibe history of hip-hop (p. 297-305). New York: Three Rivers Press.

Overpopulation of the World and the Problems It Creates

Overpopulation of the World and the Problems it Creates The world is faced with growing conservation problems daily, most of which are caused by an increasing population. In order to deal with the problems of overpopulation, the world needs to consider minimizing consumption, lowering waste byproducts, and keeping a hand on land management. Consumption is the act of using resources at an uncontrolled rate. It is mainly the result of overpopulation. The population of the world is growing by approximately 212,970 people per day and is said to reach nine billion people by 2040 (World Population). As the population increases at this rapid rate, the demand for food, water, and shelter will also rise just as quickly. Since the demand for goods like electricity and fuels also increase, we should consider using a more conservational method to create these items by using more abundant and replaceable resources. Water is the most abundant resources on the planet. Instead of using petroleum based fuels to run cars, we should use water. Scientists have already developed hydrogen powered vehicles such as cars, busses, scooters, and tractors (NREL). Another alternative for fueling cars are crops like corn that produce ethanol. Electricity is going to one of the most demanded items as the population grows. In some places, fuels are being used to create energy. Instead, abundant resources like sunlight, wind, and water should be used to generate all the electricity that is consumed. But, even with these methods of producing a â€Å"cleaner† energy supply, the general population will have to contribute to the conservation of the energy. Some simple things that people can do is :lower thermostats, use energy efficient bulbs, use drip irrigation to water flowers and fruits, use solar energy to dry clothes, and create a compost to dispose of that waste instead of throwing it away. As the population is growing, the amount of waste that is produced from the consumption will increase at a much more rapid pace. Each person per day produces about 4. 4 pounds of waste. The majority of this waste is thrown away in the trashcan, which is set at the curb to be picked up by a diesel truck polluting the air and using energy, only to end up in a andfill. With the increase in needs of food and other items, more and more trash will result. Recycling is the best way to fix this problem and keep 95% of trash out of landfills. It is projected that Americans will throw away over 11 million tons of glass bottles and jars 1 million tons of aluminum cans and foil more than1 million tons of aluminum cans and foil, over 4 and a half million tons of paper and nearly 10 million tons of newspaper (Center). Almost all of this material could be recycled, saving millions of trees and over 100% combined energy that is used to make new products. Businesses can also play their part in recycling things such as cooking oil that could be used as fuel in a vehicle. If we do not engage in actions to clean up the present landfills and prevent future ones, we could possibly be looking at problems such as contaminated water and soil. Land management goes along side of both consumption and waste. As the population increases, more space will be needed for houses, hospitals, schools and businesses. As a result, we must make room by methods such as destroying forest and filling in lakes, rivers, and streams. To us we may only see trees and dirty, microorganism infested water, but these two ecosystem house millions of species of animals and plants that are vital to our survival on Earth. Research states that the earth was once covered by 5. 8 million to 6. 2 million square miles of forest. Today only 2. million to 3 million square miles of forest still remains (Nielsen). By destroying these bionetworks, plants and animals become endangered and maybe even extinct. As a result, this causes entire ecosystems to collapse. Without plants, animals die and without plants and animals, the human species can no longer eat or breathe, therefore, becoming extinct itself. Humans can take control of this growing problem by considering options like apartment buildings or larger skyscrapers to t hings like online schools and e-shopping. Without a doubt, the population of the world is going to continue to grow, but that does not mean that the problems dealing with consumption, waste, and land management has to also. If we could use nature made goods like sunlight, water, and wind, we could reduce the amount of energy consumed, decrease the amount of waste produced, and decrease the amount of land destroyed that is needed to serve the population. Works Cited 7 Environmental Problems that were Worse than we Thought. 3 Feb 2008. 23 Feb 2010 . Alexander, Kathleen. Tree Benefits. 23 Feb 2010 . Bureau, U. S. Census. â€Å"Global Population Growth. † 2002. 23 Feb 2010 . Center, University of Colorado Environmental. CU Environmental Center. 2008. 23 Feb 2010 . National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL – Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research. 29 Sept 2009. 24 Feb 2010. Nielsen, Ron. The Little Green Handbook: Seven Trends Shaping the Future of Our Planet. New York: Picador, 2006. Today's Top Global Environment Issues. 23 Feb 2010 . World Population Prospects-The 2008 Revision Population Database. 2008. 24 Feb 2010

Censorship and Banned Books in Schools

Censorship and Banned Books in Schools While reading Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in school, teachers often spend full class periods discussing a very important issue: Mark Twains use of the n word throughout the book. Its important to not only explain that the book must be looked at through the context of the time period but also what Twain was trying to do with his story. He was trying to reveal the plight of the slave and he was doing so with the vernacular of the time. Students may make wisecracks, but its important to address their humor with information. Students need to understand the words meaning and Twains reasons for using it. These conversations are difficult to have because they are controversial and many people are very uncomfortable with the n word- for good reason. Due to its origins in slavery and racism, it is often the topic of disgruntled phone calls from parents. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the 4th most banned book  in schools according to Banned in the U.S.A. by Herbert N. Foerstal. In 1998 three new attacks arose to challenge its inclusion in education. Reasons for Banned Books Is censorship in schools good? Is it necessary to ban books? Each person answers these questions differently. This is the core of the problem for educators. Books can be found offensive for many reasons. Here are just some reasons taken from Rethinking Schools Online: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. Reason: Rape scene, anti-white.Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. Reason: Profanity.Go Ask Alice by Anonymous. Reason: Drug use, sexual situations, profanity.A Day No Pigs Would Die by Robert Newton Peck. Reason: Depiction of pigs mating and being slaughtered. More recent books that were challenged according to the American Library Association include the Twilight saga due to its religious viewpoint and violence and The Hunger Games because it was unsuited to the age group, sexually explicit and too violent. Many ways exist to ban books. Our county has a group which reads the questionable book and determines whether its educational value exceeds the weight of the objections against it. However, schools can ban books without this lengthy procedure. They just choose not to order the books in the first place. This is the situation in Hillsborough County, Florida. As reported in the St. Petersburg Times, one elementary school will not stock two of the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling because of the witchcraft themes. As the Principal explained it, the school knew they would get complaints about the books so they did not buy them. Many people, including the American Library Association, has spoken out against this. There is an article by Judy Blume on the website for the National Coalition Against Censorship to be very interesting. Its title: Is Harry Potter Evil? The question that faces us in the future is when do we stop? Do we remove mythology and Arthurian legends because of its references to magic? Do we strip the shelves of medieval literature because it presupposes the existence of saints? Do we remove Macbeth because of the murders and witches? Most would say there is a point where we must stop. But who gets to pick the point? Proactive Measures an Educator Can Take Education is not something to be feared. There are enough hurdles in teaching with which we must deal. So how can we stop the above situation from occurring in our classrooms? Here are just a few suggestions: Choose the books you use wisely. Make sure that they fit nicely into your curriculum. You should have evidence which you can present that the books you are using are necessary for the student.If you are using a book that you know has caused concerns in the past, try to come up with alternative novels that students can read.Make yourself available to answer questions about the books you have chosen. In the very beginning of the school year, introduce yourself to parents at  an open house  and tell them to call you if they have any concerns. If a parent calls you there will probably be less of a problem then if they call administration.Discuss the controversial issues in the book with the students. Explain to them the reasons those parts were necessary for the authors work.Have an outside speaker come to class to discuss concerns. For example, if you are reading  Huckleberry Finn, get a Civil Rights Activist to give a presentation to students about racism. Final Word Ray Bradbury  describes a situation in the  coda to  Fahrenheit 451. It is about a future where all books are burned because the people have decided that knowledge brings pain. It is far better to be ignorant than knowledgeable. Bradburys coda discusses the censorship that hes faced. He had a play that he sent to a university to be produced. They sent it back because it had no women in it. This is the height of irony. Nothing was said about the content of the play or the fact that there was a reason it featured only men. They did not want to offend a certain group at the school: women. Is there is  a place for censorship  and banning of books? Its hard to say that children should read certain books in certain grades, but education is not to be feared.

Authors on Deception Essay

Authors on Deception Essay Authors on Deception Essay Throughout our Eng. 101 course, we have covered several different authors who have delved into experiences and controversies involving deception. Although each author, Orwell, Haizlip and Viorst, writes about unique situations and occurrences concerning deception, all are issues pertaining to most if not all humans, including myself. Each required reading for me personally was a unique and intriguing doorway that opened to different paths upon personal reflection, question, and thought. Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell is a story involving a young, ill-educated, sub-divisional police officer stationed in lower Burma. His self-deception is put on display as he narrates his perception of how he is perceived and vice-versly from those around him. The writing specifically follows the decision to shoot an elephant and the consequences that may follow. In consciousness of Orwell’s experience, I have witnessed (and been a part of) actions that could have been solely based on the views of â€Å"on lookers†, even though personally I may have felt differently. Positions ranging from casually procrastinating to as unnerving as bullying solely based on miniscule differences. These outcomes (mostly mistakes) grounded from thoughts of others were mine alone to make, thus I accept full responsibility resembling Orwell as he must live with the decision he has made regardless of how or why it was made. I hope that I can not only recognize this truth but continue to implement positive changes to help better myself and those around me. Shirlee Haizlip wrote on the subject of â€Å"Passing†. The essay depicts several forms of deception and deceit. Including the deception of our own image in the eyes of others, their image portrayed in our eyes, and even how we identify with our own image. The term passing, the title of the writing, can even be defined as, â€Å"the deception that enables a person to adopt certain roles or identities from whic h he/she would be barred by prevailing social standards in the absence of his/hers misleading conduct.† (Kennedy, par. 1) Comparable to Orwell, we can all relate to the subject matter whether we do or do not consciously admit it. â€Å"Passing† helped me realize that while racial passing directly may not be overwhelmingly obvious in my personal everyday life, it represents itself in similar means. Such as how people adapt differently to unique social environments, parents input can alter personal belief as well as generally living of your life can change the deception of that belief and so forth. We must take into consideration that all distinctive circumstances may not be palpable as an individual but may concur in the lives of others or even in our own indirectly. Analogous to previously stated authors, Viorst’s essay on lying explores the subject/forms of deception. Naturally in deception and deceit itself, lying. She covers the subject by attempting to categorize the different reasoning of deceit

Governmental Market Intervention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Governmental Market Intervention - Research Paper Example The first of these which will be discussed is that of those individuals and economists that believe that any level of governmental market intervention is a net negative to the economic efficiency. This particular approach relies heavily upon the concept of deadweight loss and the loss of corresponding efficiency that is lost when the natural dynamics of supply and demand are changed according to governmental regulation/intervention. This deadweight loss represents an ultimately loss of efficiency which in turn reduces the total rewards that both the supplier and his/her component parts as well as the consumers will be able to experience within the given situation (Grawe, 2007). One of the most prominent economists that espoused such a point of view is of course Adam Smith; considered by many to be one of the most important figures in establishing a modern understanding of economics. The strength of this particular approach is the fact that it is verifiable on even the most basic of s upply and demand curves. Conversely, the greatest weakness that such an approach exhibits is the fact that it is wholly unable to account for the needs of economically at risk individuals and families that could be operating upon the very margin of society at any given time.Conversely, those that believe that government intervention can represent a net positive for the economy and society espouse the belief that the a certain degree the price ceilings and/or minimum wages that the government can regulate. The basic evidence that those who espouse such a point of view point to is the fact that it is able to regulate an otherwise cut throat environment and more appropriately bring it in line with the needs of a society that cannot be understood by simple representation of supply and demand curves (Popp et al, 2011). One of the most advocates of this particular school of thought is John Maynard Keynes; the founder of the Keynesian school of economics which has dominated the nation†™s understanding of economic concepts for over the past half century. The disadvantage of such a system is the fact that the loss of efficiency to both parties is measurable to even the most basic of economists (Pinotti, 2011). Conversely, one of the most powerful benefits of such an approach is the fact that it is one of the only economic interpretations that seeks to provide a level of social understanding to the hard and â€Å"dismal science† of providing for unlimited wants with limited resources (Boettke, 2012). Although there is probably no absolutely right or wrong approach as a function of the two which have thus far been elaborated upon,

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example The article covers the basic theories, training and development in connection with human resource development. The strategies of HRD and technological challenges faced by the managers of HRD in the period of globalization are also included in this article. 2. International Labor Organization, (2001). Introduction. Human resources development, employment and globalization in the hotel, catering and tourism sector. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/tmhct01/tmhct-r.pdf This article deals with the Tripartite Meeting on Human Resources Development, Employment and Globalization in the Hotel, Catering as well as Tourism Sector. This article will be helpful for the person who is related with these sectors. It will be helpful for an individual who is expecting to deal with these sectors in future. This article deals with human resource development related to labor productivity, career development, different forms of work organization exi st in hotel, catering and tourism industry. This article also highlights the training methods, techniques, importance of training and skill required for working in these sectors. The article also focuses on the recent development which has taken place in these three sectors along with the factors that drive development in internationalization of tourism services and travel of tourist. 3. Swanson, A. R., (1995). Human resource development: performance is the key. Forum. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://cmapspublic.ihmc.us/rid=1217113903859_1440042561_12670/Overview%20of%20HRD%20-%20Swanson.pdf This article focuses on the three major options for viewing human resource development which include views of human resource development, theoretical basis of HRD and visual image. This article generally focuses on the leader of human resource development and their role in the organization. The three major ingredients of the article have also been emphasized on the business process in the organization. The article will be helpful for the leader and managers in the organization as it discusses about the overall HRD performance of the organization. The carious theories of HRD are also included in this paper. 4. Werner, M. J. & DeSimone, L. R., (2009). Preface. Human resource development. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.cengagebrain.com/shop/content/werner78741_0324578741_01.01_toc.pdf The article seeks to define about the theory, practical experience and research associated with HRD efforts. This article is advantageous for managers, students and the professionals of HRD to attain knowledge along with experience. This article will also be beneficial for undergraduate as well as graduate courses in business management, educational administration and various other fields. The article discusses about the complete field of HRD along with skill training towards career development in addition to organizational development. This article focuses on the line managemen t and HRM in relation to HRD. This article may provide broad concepts to the managers along with supervisors who possess limited experience of human resource development. This will help them to grow and to become trainer together with developers and also to develop into an informed consumer of HRD of organization. 5. Taylor & Frances, 2011. Human resource d

Unethical trade practices of Tesco on fresh produce from developing Essay

Unethical trade practices of Tesco on fresh produce from developing countries - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the impact of unethical practices of business especially conducted by multinational corporations has long been the center of debates. Multinational companies operating in developing countries in the complex supply chain and the increased international trades, their business activities and decisions can have a profound impact on local communities and people from developing countries, which are producers in the supply chain. According to the ILO, agriculture is the largest sector of employment in most developing countries, which employs one-third of the world’s labor force. Many families and people rely on agricultural and production for export for their livelihoods. Agricultural supply chains are complex and international. However, it is considered a vulnerable sector for its high production cost, price fluctuations, and the unbalanced market power. In the complex supply chain, multinational companies that purchase their products from developing countries can have immense impacts on people living in those countries. In the international market, actions taken by the dominant buyers and retailers may create a situation where it undermines the capacity of suppliers and compromises farmers and worker’s basic rights. According to Wearden, the United Kingdom imports over 90 percent of its fresh fruits and 60% vegetables from other countries each year. These products are imported mainly from European countries and some developing African countries such as Kenya and Morocco and have estimated value of GBP 1.5 billion per annum. In the UK, a small number of retailers dominate the food retail market a factor which is seen to in turn generally contribute to the power imbalance in the trading relationship between purchasers and suppliers. According to the UK Competition Commission, supermarket chains are increasingly exerting pressure on suppliers and farmers from developing countries to conform to ethical stand ards. Tesco PLC is the grocery market leader in the United Kingdom with a market share of around 30 percent in 2013. It is one of the world’s largest merchandise retailers. TESCO was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 as a group of grocery stalls in East End of London. In forming the name TESCO, the first two letter of Jack Cohen’s his surname were combined with the initials of his tea supplier, Thomas Edward Stockwell. The first Tesco store was opened in Middlesex in 1229. Originally Tesco focused its business on grocery retailer until the early 1990s when it diversified its products and services into a wider range inclusive of items such as clothing, furniture, books, DVD rental electronics, financial services, internet services and software in addition to its expanding its business abroad. Since then Tesco has continued to grow and offers new services in addition to opening new stores globally with a principle to sell a wide range of quality products at lower prices for everyone. In the present, Tesco has more than 6,500 stores worldwide and employs over 500,000 staffs around the world. Tesco is considered to be Britain’s biggest and most profitable supermarket chain and is currently seen to be expanding globally at a rapid rate. In 2013, Tesco announced its group trading profit before tax at GBP 3.5 billion with the UK sales accounting for over GBP 2 billion. With its aggressive worldwide expansions, Tesco purchases its products from suppliers in over 70 countries around the world. Given its continual success and the highest market share in the UK retails market, Tesco is in a powerful position, especially in grocery supply chain.

Communication - Pizza Essay Example for Free

Communication Pizza Essay Introduction Pizza Hut is based in Wichita, Kansas USA 19581. A woman and her two sons created pizza recipes. From here, a family friend advised the sons to open their own Pizza Parlor. 2. Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Brands, Inc. , which also has KFC, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silver’s under its umbrella. Pizza Hut is the world’s largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries 3. In India, Pizza Hut has 133 restaurants across 34 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, and Chandigarh amongst others. Yum!is in the process of opening Pizza Hut restaurants at many more locations to service a larger customer base across the country 4. Borrowing $600 from their mother, the two brothers purchased second-hand equipment and rented a small building on a busy intersection in Wichita, Kansas. The result of their efforts was the first Pizza Hut and the foundation for what would become the largest and the most successful pizza restaurant in the world 5. Pizza Hut franchisees exemplify the entrepreneurial spirit, which launched their system back in 1958. Through interest and initiative, the Pizza Hut system was able to develop new territories in the United States and overseas. Today, franchisees and joint-venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut systems total units. Their development on the international front is a good indication of the growth that has characterized their system. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968, the Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. Today, Pizza Hut operates in more than 100 countries and territories throughout the world 6. When Pizza Hut opened its outlet in Baroda, Gujarat they firstly thought that they should make a new pizza to the recipe of the local style in order to attract the local population. g They decided to provide the pizza according to the customer’s taste of choice7. This essay aims to answering the following question: â€Å"Should Pizza Hut open a new outlet in Baroda? † 1. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 2. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 3. http://220. 226. 195. 78/pizzahut. co. in/about_us. php 4. http://220. 226. 195. 78/pizzahut. co. in/about_us.php 5. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 6. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 7. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview RESEARCH QUESTION Pizza Hut is an established brand all over India. To increase the growth of the new outlet, Pizza Hut recently set up a new market research on the outskirts of Baroda with the investment of __ Basically, Pizza Hut firms in India send Managers to spread proper awareness about their new outlet among the customers through different types of advertising and keep the customers informed about their advancements in current outlets 10. Commercially, I expect that the opening of the new branch will lead to an increase in sales in Baroda, Gujarat, and could increase the market share of Pizza Hut. For this reason, they want to be able to successfully market their new firm when it is commercially launched. As previously mentioned, to increase its growth and successfully market their upcoming outlet, Pizza Hut has been reviewing various promotion strategies like price reduction, to increase the price in their marketing budget and increase in number of staffs 11. So increasing the production by opening the new outlet and to increase the number of staff to work in both of the outlets is a strategy that Pizza Hut is strongly considering in order to increase their growth in the domestic market 12. 8. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 9. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 10. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 11. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview THEORETICAL FRAME WORK The Growth of a business can be measured in many different ways such as assets, sales revenue, operating profit, market share, value added, and number of employees 13. As information of pizzas is involved, Pizza Hut believes that what they bring new in the market is not compared with any of the products of any another firm which is selling pizza’s14. I commercially expect that the opening of the new firm will lead to increase in sales in Baroda, Gujarat, and could increase the market share of Pizza Hut. Due to this, they want to be able to successfully market their new firm when it is commercially launched. Pizza Hut aims to convince the customers to set down their new business, (target market) 15. The other promotional method used by Pizza Hut and to spread the awareness about their new outlet is to do market research. I did the market research for Pizza Hut so that they can locate their new outlet where there are more potential consumers. High income group was also asked about the opening of a new outlet, before it is brought up in the market. Pizza Hut believes that the methods used to research on opening a new outlet take hold of the attention of the customers for long time, so that they can visit the outlet frequently16. For reasons mentioned above, growth is widely regarded as the most favorable method to increase the profit level. 12. http://www. tutor2u.net/business/presentations/strategy/businessgrowth/default. html 13. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 14. _________ 15. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 16. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview METHODOLOGY To reach a suitable conclusion, an in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis shall be conducted by using different business tools to the primary data as well as the secondary data collected. The primary data contains the interview of the Manager of the Pizza Hut outlet which already exists, the opinion of the customers who visit the exiting outlet and a few other people. Market research: This will contain the content of the market research and what it entails. This was conducted by me. Analysis of market research: This will contain the graph and an explanation about how many people will visit the new outlet (assumption) from the old outlets daily earning. Swot analysis: This will contain the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats of the business for opening the new outlet. Ansoff’s matrix: A model which identifies growth strategies for a business and it is based on an analysis of their products and their market. Pest-g: This will identify the political, economical, social and technological, as well as the environmental problem of the firm. Cost analysis: Cost analysis will be conducted to find out the quantifiable and unquantifiable cost involved in increasing the personal selling. MARKET RESEARCH Market research is the collection, collation and analysis of the data relating to the marketing and consumption of the goods and the services18. Market research helps in opening the new outlet, tells us were we stand in the market and how we can improve. How many times does the customer visit Pizza Hut? Group of people |More than once a week |Once a week |Fortnight |Monthly or less | |Family |04 |20 |45 |25 | |College students |35 |50 |36 |19 | |Above 50 |00 |05 |36 |30 | |Teenagers |40 |45 |26 |17 | (18) Here the market research data is organized according to age group. |Market research done of the location |Yes |No | | |(%) |(%) | |Sayajigunj |66 |34 | |Karelibaug |68 |32 | [pic] Here I have conducted the market research for the two different areas and I have come to a conclusion that in Karelibaug there are 90% of people saying yes to open the new outlet 20. This is due to one outlet of Pizza Hut not providing delivery services to distant areas21. So if it is in that area then many people can visit the outlet and this will give more profit to Pizza Hut. As people from Fathegunj, Sayajigunj, city area and Karelibaug can visit as it will be nearer to them 22. 17. market research done by interviewing different people 18. business studies book by Dave hall pg 147 19. interviewing different age group of people 20. People gave reason that why in these two areas. 21. Told by the people staying in that area. ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY DATA The finding of the market research which I have done for Pizza Hut will be analyzed to identify specific market attributes such as the manner in which the customer will respond more. In addition to this, it will identify important information such as the effectiveness of the market research results given by the customers will be discovered. From this data, it will be possible to judge the weaknesses of Pizza Hut. Recommendations will then be made by me on methods which Pizza Hut can adopt to overcome these weaknesses. Once Pizza Hut overcomes these weaknesses, it will have a better chance to successfully market their new outlet, and at the same time increase the sales from their current outlet. The graph below compares the frequency of teenagers who visit Pizza Hut as opposed to college students. [pic] 22 The ratio of college student is more than teenagers23. This means that on an average, college students visit Pizza Hut more compared to the teenagers. This graph tells us how many families and those above 50 wish to go to Pizza Hut. [pic]24 22. market research done by interviewing different people 23. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 24. market research done by interviewing different people SWOT ANALYSIS Swot analysis: swot analysis is an analysis of the internal strength and weaknesses and the external threats and opportunities that Pizza Hut faces. The swot analyses will illustrates how the external opportunities and the threats can be matched with the Pizza Hut’s internal strength and weaknesses to result in a set of possible strategic alternative. This would identify Pizza Hut’s distinctive competencies and the opportunities that the Pizza Hut is not currently taking a due to lack of appropriate resources swot means : S-strength W-weaknesses O- Opportunities T-threats Strength(S): these are the things which I observed, Pizza Hut and their staff do and which is the strength for them: They are well known for their pizzas 26. They provide good quality, taste and quick service 27. Their good service; grooming, cleanliness, and good interaction with the customers make customers want to visit them again 28. Due to their good taste and grooming, the other domestic pizza outlets try to compete and learn from Pizza Hut 29. Reputed brand, market excepted very easily, Due to the above, Pizza Hut makes good profit30. Pizza Hut has the ability to provide it’s customers with deals, offers and specials so that they can save money and get more value. This is a strength for the organization as it makes customers purchase more while receiving more value for their money. Customers use these vouchers and specials when ordering in bulk or for everyday orders. Weaknesses (W): these are the things which I observed and Pizza Hut does poorly and in which they can be affected are: During the weekends, Pizza Hut is full of customers, during that time the service is poor 31. There is little to no place for the people to sit who are waiting to be seated32. Availability of other multinational outlets like Mac Donald and Dominos will be the competitors of Pizza Hut too. 33 Opportunities (O): the directions which the business could take in future like: By opening a new outlet there will be an opportunity for growth of the business and development for employees34. If a person was previously employed by Pizza Hut and has passed the Pizza Hut course with the appropriate certificate, then they are able to receive double their salary35. Pizza Hut is a branded and a multi-national chain, therefore it allows staff salaries to be double that which is offered to other staff in other company’s36. Threats (T): the threats to a business arise from the activity of the competitors and failing to take opportunities like: Pizza Inn is the domestic pizza outlet in Baroda; both of them are doing very good profit-wise therefore Pizza Inn is a threat for Pizza Hut37. Pizza Inn is a well-known organization to the Baroda community as it also provides good quality and taste and this is a threat to Pizza Hut as this is one of Pizza Hut’s strengths. 25. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 26. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/SWOT_analysis. htm 27. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 28. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 29. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 30. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 31. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 32. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 33. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 34. interview taken while doing market research 35. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 36. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 37. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 38. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview THE ANSOFFS MATRIX The ansoff matrix: The Ansoff Growth matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy38. Ansoff’s matrix will allow the firm to consider the alternatives open to it for entering a new market or entering new product into the market39. Product | |Existing |New | |Existing |Market penetration |Product development | |New |Market development |diversification | Market Market penetration: market penetration is used to achieve the growth in the existing market with the existing product40. Market penetration uses the marketing mix to push the product which is gaining as much as market share and as quickly as possible41. Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives: Increase usage by existing customers, maintain or increase the market share of current products42. Pizza Hut is the branded outlet so that people use the substitute outlet less (Pizza Inn, u s pizza, Uncle Sam’s Pizza, and Dominos). Pizza Hut encourages customers to use their outlet more regularly by providing new taste to the customers43. Product development: this is concerned with marketing new or modified products in the market for the customers 44 like: Normal pizzas intend to act as a replacement for the new product which will be introduced45. Market development: this involves the marketing of the existing product in the new market such as: As Pizza Hut has one outlet already in the market, they will open a new outlet in Baroda but in a different area. They will introduce some new products when they open their new outlet. However, they will need to continue the marketing of their old and classic products along with the new products46. Diversification: this will occur when the product is developed for the new market. Diversification allows a business to move away from the trust upon the present market and product47. 38http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm 39oxford study course book by jo toy pg 32 39. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm 40. business studies book by Dave hall pg 239 41. oxford study course book by jo toy pg 32 42. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm 43. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 44. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 45. Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 46. business studies book by Dave hall pg 239 PEST –G ANALYSIS Pest g: this will look at the external environment and the global factors that may or will affect a business. It can provide a quick and visual representation. It is usually divided into five external influences on a business-political, economic, social, and technological and green46. Political: this is concerned with how political developments, regionally, nationally and internationally might affect a business’s strategy47. Political development is not so relevant in this instance as Pizza Hut has an existing established branch which is not affected by this external factor, the political issues are not so important because they do have the outlet in India and Baroda. For opening the new outlet government factors are not important as it already has opened one outlet48. Economic: this might include the analysis of a variety of economic factors and their effect on business they include: consumer activity, economic variable, government policy, the effect of change in product and labor markets49. Pizza Hut’s outlet which is Baroda, Gujarat has competitors in Baroda, Gujarat50 however, these are not Pizza Hut branches – they are other competitors such as Dominos and Pizza Inn. These have an economic external influence as it affects the consumer activity as customers may prefer to go to Dominos if there is better service, quality and price offered. The new place suggested trough market research, there mainly the people with their families and above 30 will visit. It is not that the youth’s wont visit but there are less youth’s in that area compare to the area where the current Pizza Hut is located. Social: how is Pizza Hut affected socially? It is not likely that Pizza Hut will be affected socially as each age group visit’s Pizza Hut51. Due to the location of the old Pizza Hut site (located near commercial places) it attracts a lot variety of consumers. The new site will be located in a suburb where there are families therefore the market will be families. When a whole family eats a meal at Pizza Hut, they tend to splurge on extras such as drinks and sides. This is positive for the organization in terms of profit. However, in Karelibaug, families won’t come daily or once a week to have pizza’s so it can be affected socially. Generally in the new outlet older segment people will visite. Technological: Businesses operate in a world of rapid technological change. The organization needs to regularly review the impact of new technologies upon their activities. The product can become old-fashioned quickly. The production method can become out of date52. Pizza Hut looks that how they are different from other firms such as Pizza Inn, Domino’s pizza, us pizza and many other domestic outlets for pizza’s. Even Mac Donald’s is a competitor. One technological factor which could effect the environment is how Pizza Hut creates its products such as the production line in which a pizza is made. 47. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 48. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 49. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 50. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 51. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 52. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview. 53. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 COST ANALYSIS Cost analysis is currently a some what controversial set of methods in program of evaluation one reason for the controversy is that these terms cover a wide range of method, but are often used interchangeably. There are two types of cost associated with hiring new place. They are fixed cost and variable cost. Both these cot will be identified to check the financial growth of the undergoing new outlet. Both are classified as below: Fixed cost Hiring charges foe the new place Salary of the staff Minimum hiring charges of telephone. Variable cost Production cost Office usage Approximately amount of profit for the new outlet May by through which you will be able to fine out pbit (profit before interest and tax), pbt (profit before tax), pat (profit after tax). | | |Per month |Per annum | |Sales | |1350 |16200 | |- variable | |60 |720 | | |contribution |1290 |15480 | |- fixed cost | |45 |540 | | |PBIT |1245 |14940 | |- interest | |78 |940 | | |PBT |1167 |14000 | |- tax | |350 |4200 | | |PAT |817 |9800 | 55 From the above assumption we can conclude that profit on pbit is approximately equals to 65. 60% |1260 |720 | |100 |? | |= 57. 14 | This is the variable cost |1260 |540 | |100 |? | |= 42. 58 | And this is the fixed cost. Variable cost of new outlet is higher than its fixed cost about 14. 12. Contribution of new outlet is about 96% which can be calculated by following formula: |Sales |contribution | |16200 |15480 | |100 |? | |= 96 | 56 Variable cost depends upon number of units of new outlet but the fixed cost is fixed. Cost may also be defined in different class For example: production cost office cost selling and distribution cost We can include raw material cost for the pizza’s and service cost for the pizzas. In production cost all the administration expense and legal and professional charges in office expense. We can bifurcate the transportation of the delivery man and advertisement expenses as selling and distribution charges. Selling and distribution charges can depend on number of unit sold and cost up till cost of goods sold always depends on goods sold57. 55. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 56. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 57. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview INVESTMENT APPRAISAL Investment appraisal is the evaluation of an investment project to determine whether or not it is likely to be worthwhile. It is essential to appraise the investment Pizza Hut will undertake and to establish weather it is going to be beneficial. Below are the techniques, which will assist appraising the investment: †¢ Pay back period and †¢ Net present value Pay back period This technique assesses the number of years it will take foe the Pizza Hut to recover all their initial costs. This is a very simple tool as it ignores most of the costs the firm would incur due to opening a new outlet. The cash flow is also an approximate estimate when there are too many variable then Pizza Hut cannot control. They assume that they have more customers and 10% more profit throughout the year than what they had the previous year. There were a few assumptions made for the cash flow. These were that the machine they used to make pizza’s worked at 100% capacity and all products were sold. |Pay back period for the new outlet | |Year |Net cash flow | |0 |-10,00,000 | |1 |2,00,000 | |2 |6,00,000 | |3 |3,00,000 | |3,00,000 |12 months | |2,00,000 |? | |= 8 months | You can get 2,00,000 in 8 months so our net pay back period for investing RS 10,00,000 in new outlet is 2 years and 8 months. Analysis of pay back period. The pay back technique has shown us that it takes 2 years and 8 months to pay back for the new outlet. However, we learn form the market research and swot analysis that there are mainly people above 35 hence it would be smarter from them to do some thing which might attract the youth from other areas and influence them to visit that outlet too. Net present value Net present value incorporates the principle of time value of money by converting payments at different times to the equivalent values at the common reference time. The discount factor used is 4% as the interest they could have got from the bank currently is 4%. I then did NVP. |Year |Net cash flow |Discount factor 4$ |Present value | |0 |-10,00,000 |1 |10,00,000 | |1 |2,00,000 |0. 9615 |1,92,300 | |2 |6,00,000 |0. 9246 |5,54,760 | |3 |3,00,000 |0. 8890 |2,66,700 | Analysis of net present value The new outlet will generate ____ amount after 5 years. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES To effectively deal with the increase in the growth by expansion, it is necessary for there to be some internal changes. It is very necessary that the staff’s grooming should be done properly, so that they can serve the customers in a professional manner. When they open their second outlet from a single, Pizza Hut will have to keep some one on whom they can trust and can rely on and they have to shift a few staff from the present one to the opening one. As they opening a new outlet, they are turning from one into two outlets. Due to this the position of many of the staff’s have been will be changed. This change does not affect their work, they have an effective communication channels among the employees. This could be in the form of giving the staff a proper atmosphere in which they can settle easily, the changes in the outlet and the goals that the Pizza Hut wants to attain. RECOMMENDATION Starting up the new outlet, initially it will not give them that much profit but it will definitely give some. For this: 1. Pizza Hut should shift few of their staff and of course one of the leader to supervise from the existing outlet to the one which will open in the near future. 2. They should appoint few new staff for the existing outlet and also foe the future’s outlet so that the one who are new in the new outlet can get t know more from their seniors who are shifted from the existing business. 3. For marketing about their new outlet they should restructure they method in which the do the marketing. 4. The market research was done on few people in Baroda, Gujarat, and not in the whole of Baroda. So the extensive market research needs to be conducted across the whole Baroda, Gujarat to get the proper kind of information about the location. CONCULSION The report shows that Pizza Hut should pen the new outlet in Baroda, Gujarat, India. If Pizza Hut increases their staff, then it would be in a better position to serve the customers and if they shift few of their trained staff and give training to the new staff to whom they are going to appoint then they would also be in the better position. They should also shift one of the managers to the new outlet so that in case if any problem occurs then they will be able to handle it. The financial aspects of the undertaking are not the problem for the Pizza Hut as it is in a strong financial stage. But the recruitment of the new staff cold affects the staffs. The environment and the working portfolio of the staffs will be changed as Pizza Hut will reconstruct the marketing set-up. So before employing the new staff Pizza Hut should let the old staff settle into their working environment. As previously said, the personal interview were only conducted in Gujarat, and the result of this only represented he view of customers from Gujarat. Hence, the further market research needs to be done to get a broader perspective on this study. The indirect costs associated with the undertaking the project will have to ascertain. As previously mentioned, one indirect cost is that a large recruitment could lead to a decrease in the motivation of the existing staffs. Other indirect cost could be in the form of the training program for the new recruits to a specialist company, so that it is done efficiently. If the new recruits do their job well, serve the customers in the proper way, follow the training properly, are groomed very well and give the best service then this would motivate the customers to visit them again. `Graph showing the frequency of visits to Pizza Hut by college students and teenagers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 More than once a week Once a week Fortnight Monthly or less time period College students Teenagers graph showing the frequency of visit to Pizza Hut by families and people above 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 More than once a week Once a week Fortnight Monthly or less time period Family Above 50.